Government Of Roman Republic And Modern Government Essay

Government of Roman Republic The government of Roman Republic was certainly a precursor of modern government. Social class played a vital role in the beginning of Republics. Whether a person was a wealthy patrician or common plebeian decided what role he can play in the government. Consuls stayed above Senate. Senate made decisions on spending, taxation and relationship with foreign powers. Last there was the Assembly, which continued to change the rules and rights. Roman society and its politics were quite patriarchal nature, suggesting that men were the one to rule. Roman citizens were classified into two classes: patricians (powerful nobility, land owning upper classes) and plebeians (most people, merchants, farmers, and artisans). Slaves were not based on race. The Roman Republic had a representative democracy. Citizens had the right to elect representatives who serve in the government and represent their interests. One important branch of the republic government was the Senate, assembly of elders. There wer e 300 members for life and patricians only. The Senate were appointed provincial governors. Their major responsibility included debate, recommend policy, ratify treaties, declare martial law and approve dictators (people in charge of the government for only six month). Only one man can be elected as a dictator over the republic. Another branch was the Consuls. The government of Roman Republic allowed two consuls at the same time, who were elected by the senate. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Functions and History of the Roman Senate Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of the Roman Senate In todays modern world representative government is the norm. Nearly all governments are ruled by their citizens via a republic or some other type of governing body. However, in the ancient world, this standard of democratic government had not yet taken hold; political control still belonged to the few elite, rich, and powerful persons and influential families. Thus, we have a contrast between governments of the ancient world and our modern day governments. In otherRead MoreThe Roman Republic Government: A More Just Government Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesEtruscan ruling, its government walked away from having a monarch and transformed into a Republic as a way to avoid the tyranny that many times comes with an absolute autocrat. Rigorous precautions were taken from the start in order to keep the power balanced. Moreover, the structure of the government was meant to be resilient to bad judgment. The structure of the Roman Republic with its government and law provided for a more just system. The principle of the Roman government was to function forRead MoreAncient Greeks And The Ancient Romans1150 Words   |  5 Pages The Romans had one of the most innovative and influential ancient civilizations. Although arguments can be made for the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Egyptians, it can be seen that the modern world had adopted many of the values and ideas of the Ancient Romans. The achievements, ideas, and values of the Ancient Romans have had a lasting impact on the modern world. The majority of people don’t know that many of the things they take for granted came from Ancient Rome. Architecture One of theRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreAncient Rome And The Roman Empire1067 Words   |  5 Pagesheight, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure in western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, and unique people and culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. The Romans believed thatRead MoreThe Ancient Roman Empire1518 Words   |  6 Pagesprogressive and triumphant as the Roman Empire. Also remarkable in the fact that it did not conform to Western democracy. Comprised of sizeable portions of the world that ran from the Mediterranean Sea to areas surrounding continental Europe and the Middle East. It was the largest spanning empire the world had ever seen and succeeded in cultural control on the lands and of the people, lasting centuries. The Roman republic lasted from 507 to 31 BCE, the Republic unlike other major historic civilisationsRead MoreThe Roman Empire : The Most Extensive Political And Social Structure Of Western Civilization1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe Roman Empire At its height, the Roman Empire was the most extensive political and social structure of western civilization. The remains of this empire can still be seen today. The empire was filled with advanced people and technology for its time. The Roman Empire has rich history, helpful geography and resources, provinces, an advanced government, unique people and a fascinating culture. Ancient Rome can be divided into three main parts. The Roman Monarchy, the Roman Republic, and theRead MoreClassical Rome And Classical Greece1498 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece, Romans’ political system was developed to govern a larger population (Rome vs. US). The Romans were the ones to develop a form of government known as republic. In this type of government, officials are elected to govern the state and to represent the voters. Unlike the Greeks, which developed democracy, where citizens were allowed to directly participate in the decision making part of the government (Power, Politics, and You Enrichment). This type of government would work perfectlyRead MoreEssay about Magna Carta1198 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The democratic aspiration is no mere recent phase in human history. It is human history. It permeated the ancient life of early peoples. It blazed anew in the middle ages. It was written in Magna Charta† (Roosevelt). As a president living in th e modern era, it was surprisingly to hear such statement from him considering that the time span between 1215 and 1941 is 726 years. Whether it might seem strange or unconvincing, there is no denial in saying that the Magna Carta demonstrated some sort ofRead MoreAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showed influence by believing the people should expand their knowledge to their best ability, they had the idea of human perfection, and created a democratic government for the people

The Basic Facts of Sociology Issues

The Basic Facts of Sociology Issues While the web provides a great selection of similar companies, it might not be simple to select a reliable one. As a result of technological development, social networking services are enhanced. As a consequence, social issues can be raised by the unequal distribution of funding between public schools, including that seen in the usa. Don't forget to select only topics linked to your personal interests. What You Need to Know About Sociology Issues The impacts of domestic violence on children frequently have a long-lasting impact and certain elements help determine the personality development of the kid. Instead, you can perform a study on the impacts of the racial stereotype among teenager in schools. There are a number of methods people use to combat social problems. Throughout the life program, there are social problems connected with distinct ages. Depending upon the portion of earth, that you're conducting a research to analyze the source of poverty, you may find a variety of reasons or causes of poverty. Infectious diseases are often public health concerns as they can spread quickly and readily, affecting huge quantities of members. Essentially, it is a science about how humans interact with one another in society. A Startling Fact about Sociology Issues Uncovered Sociology is a diverse discipline, making use of a variety of theories and concepts. Sociology differs from the remainder of the social disciplines as it is dependent upon statistical data to a substantial extent together with on interpretative assessment and written materials. Sociology is, undoubtedly, a fascinating subject, particularly if you're fortunate enough to find a progressive-thinking professor. Research papers sociology writing ceases to be an issue, assuming that you decide on a topic that inspires you. If you would like to learn how to write great essays on sociology, just take the next steps. Introductions are supplied for every one of the units. Topics of the research might vary greatly. You're definitely anticipated to supply the outcomes of your Sociology analysis or experiment. When there's insufficient relevant info about the subject, it's better to switch to an alternative one. Register now to delight in an excellent social life. Conduct quick background research on the subject. The Basic Facts of Sociology Issues Your knowledge of this question will allow you to cope with giving the explanations for the value of your possible contribution to Sociology. Also, a couple mistakes need to be made for the progress to occur, and everything needs to be questioned for the answers to appear. When picking your social problems topic, don't forget that it's always much better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. If only a few individuals are speaking out against it, then it's not a social matter. In the event you would like to understand the practice of essay writing an amazing sociology paper, have a look at the steps explained below. Utilize all you know to reveal your knowledge of the Earth, and bring out good old philosophical theories. Some emerging studies demonstrate that the wellness benefits might be the very same for grape juice and wine. Also worth mentioning is that the custom of discipline is among the most humbling things you can do to help yourself. In such a fashion, you will discover the most intriguing topic efficiently. Thus, bear in mind that in such an important field as environmental sociology, there are several essential things to discuss. The best debates in sports history live on forever because there's never a correct answer in any event. Go to exactly the same place to reply to every topic also.

How Cotillion Changed My Life free essay sample

I knew when I was younger that I never liked girl things over boy things. Sure, I had Barbie dolls, and I played with them all the time, but I also had a marble set, toy cars, and toy robots that occupied a majority of my time because theres more replay value in a marble set than a new outfit for Barbie. Sometime in early elementary school, I was talking to my friends on the playground. They were excited about cotillion, which was foreign to me, so I asked them to explain. When they told me, I raised an eyebrow; I couldnt imagine how they could possibly be excited to learn proper manners and the difference between seven-bajillion-zillion different kinds of forks, spoons, and knives. And dancing? Boring. Why anyone would want to do that? was expelled from my mouth before I could stop myself, and they all just stared at me like I was insane. We will write a custom essay sample on How Cotillion Changed My Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We quickly moved on from the subject. Sometime later, I was talking to one of the valley girls, the prissy girls that wore makeup and had the pink shirts and skirts that were really short, even though they were only 8 years old. As we talked, I asked what was appealing about wearing makeup and being snooty. She shrugged, I act like this for fun. She didnt actually care about looking nice, but she put on a show. I didnt understand why someone would do that. I certainly wasnt going to lie about who I was to get attention. Especially not by showing off that I was a girl. When a girl at my middle school shaved her head on the premise that she was lesbian, my mom told me, I think shes too young to be deciding her sexuality, but my immediate thought was, What about heterosexuals? Who asks them, When did you decide to like the opposite gender? I had constant thoughts about gender and its associated stereotypes. I wanted to break the binary, more than I already did, so thats what I started to do. I began wearing, and still continue to wear, loose black t-shirts and baggy pants, I have short hair and nothing, in terms of product or accessories, ever touches it. I wear this clothing because its comfortable, but also because it blurs the line of my gender. Breaking this binary became a larger and larger part of my life. Im not offended when the waiter calls me sir. Why should I be offended to be male? Why is being female offensive to men? It isnt. (But its more than that; I also love the faces they make when I tell them what I want in an obviously female voice.) In elementary school, I didnt like being called a female. On the tests to see if you were truly a boy or girl based on how you showed your nails or something else stupid like that, I would hate when I got Yup, youre a true girl and learned the tricks to always get Youre actually a boy. I didnt like being categorized by something as trivial as gender, and as I grew older gender issues became more complex, so I asked bigger questions, like how people could love someone based on whether they were male or female. That idea of choosing based on body parts didnt make sense to me. So I stopped doing it: I stopped judging people based on gender. I look at every person in the same light regardless of gender. I get to know someone before I start judging. How else would one know that the prissy girls going to cotillion might actually play Dungeons and Dragons, or that the MVP soccer player might go home and watch Dance Moms after practice?

Marcus Brutus, a Tragic Figure free essay sample

Like other tragic heroes, he had great promise, ability, and integrity of character, but he had a tragic flaw. He was too trusting and naive, and these qualities led to his death. Brutus was good in heart and mind, but easily manipulated which ends up being the flaw that gets him into a tragic situation. Brutus’ reversal of fortune occurs when he allows the conspirators to manipulate him into believing that he needed to assassinate Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar, a good friend of Brutus, had not shown many signs of being a tyrant, yet the conspirators persuaded and manipulated Brutus into believing that he was. This was the noblest Roman of them all: All the conspirators save only he in that they did in envy of great Caesar; He only, in a general honest thought and common good to all, made one of them,†(V,iiiii, 73-77). This quote indicates that Brutus was a noble and honest man, who wanted only what was in the interest of the general good. We will write a custom essay sample on Marcus Brutus, a Tragic Figure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout Brutus’ actions as a conspirator he thought that he was doing what was best for the Roman people, even when killing the soon to be ruler and good friend Julius Caesar. It was Brutus’ tragic flaw of being too trusting that leads to his inevitable, tragic death. When Brutus’ wife, Portia, takes her own life it is a tragic moment in Brutus’ life. This is one example when Brutus has a reversal in fortune. Brutus explains to Cassius what happened to Portia after their quarrel. â€Å"No man bears sorrow better. Portia is dead,†(IV,iii,151). This evidence shows just how tragic Portia’s death is for Brutus. With the Roman population turned against Brutus and the conspirators, along with this tragic loss for Brutus, this marks the beginning of the reversal of fortune for Brutus. Brutus shows his true remorse for killing Caesar in many occasions. When Caesar’s ghost visits Brutus, Brutus wants to question him and apologize for what had happened. Another example is when Brutus takes his own life at the end of act five. Farewell Strato. Caesar now be still. I killed not thee with half so good a will,†(V,iiiii,56-57). Brutus felt unbearable remorse for Caesars death, and his final words told that. Brutus had to take his own life because nobody wanted to have to such a noble and honest man as Brutus. When Brutus asks Clitus to kill him, Clitus replies, â€Å"What, I, my lord? No, not for all the world†¦I’ll rather kill myself,†(V, iiiii, 6-8). The reasoning for Clitus not killing Brutus is because he could not live with himself if he killed the noblest roman that had ever lived. This shows how noble and honest Brutus was, that he could not get someone to kill him, he had to do it himself. In conclusion, Brutus, the noblest roman wanted what was best for the roman people. His tragic flaw was he was too trusting. He felt he needed to kill Caesar for he thought he was a tyrant. His trust in Mark Antony led to his downfall. Brutus indeed ended up in a position, from his flaw in being idealistic and naive.

Free Essays on Becoming A Firefighter

Becoming a Firefighter Being a Firefighter is a very prestigious career that requires many years of training. â€Å"Firefighters are the people who protect lives and property from death or destruction by fire† and they must be able to respond immediately for any type of emergency (Bridges Internet). They are usually the first ones to the scene of an accident or other crisis and every firefighter has his or her own responsibilities that they must perform in order to successfully clear the area of any calamity that might have arisen. Although there is extensive training and fairly low salaries, becoming a firefighter is a well sought after career because of its job security and opportunity to serve the community. The minimum requirements to be accepted as a firefighter are a high school diploma, being twenty-one years of age and being in good physical condition. These are just the minimum requirements and most cities will only accept a person with some post-secondary education because it shows the fire department that you can study and learn. Volunteer work and first aid training is also a must for anyone who would like to get involved with the fire department (Bridges Internet). To be accepted into the fire department, a person must pass extensive written exams, tests of strength, physical stamina, coordination and agility along with a strict medical examination. The students who receive the highest marks in any of the tests have the best chances for acceptance. Once accepted, a â€Å"rookie† firefighter must train for several months at the departments training facilities. (Chao, Elaine 342) At the facilities and wearing turnout gear â€Å"students set up and climb ladders, hook up hoses, rescue dummy victims, cut holes in roofs, and use ventilating fans and other tools. Most fire departments have a building they can set on fire over and over again so students can practice fighting real fires.† (Ruth, Maria 13) Teamwork is... Free Essays on Becoming A Firefighter Free Essays on Becoming A Firefighter Becoming a Firefighter Being a Firefighter is a very prestigious career that requires many years of training. â€Å"Firefighters are the people who protect lives and property from death or destruction by fire† and they must be able to respond immediately for any type of emergency (Bridges Internet). They are usually the first ones to the scene of an accident or other crisis and every firefighter has his or her own responsibilities that they must perform in order to successfully clear the area of any calamity that might have arisen. Although there is extensive training and fairly low salaries, becoming a firefighter is a well sought after career because of its job security and opportunity to serve the community. The minimum requirements to be accepted as a firefighter are a high school diploma, being twenty-one years of age and being in good physical condition. These are just the minimum requirements and most cities will only accept a person with some post-secondary education because it shows the fire department that you can study and learn. Volunteer work and first aid training is also a must for anyone who would like to get involved with the fire department (Bridges Internet). To be accepted into the fire department, a person must pass extensive written exams, tests of strength, physical stamina, coordination and agility along with a strict medical examination. The students who receive the highest marks in any of the tests have the best chances for acceptance. Once accepted, a â€Å"rookie† firefighter must train for several months at the departments training facilities. (Chao, Elaine 342) At the facilities and wearing turnout gear â€Å"students set up and climb ladders, hook up hoses, rescue dummy victims, cut holes in roofs, and use ventilating fans and other tools. Most fire departments have a building they can set on fire over and over again so students can practice fighting real fires.† (Ruth, Maria 13) Teamwork is...

Life of Margaret Paston, English Matriarch

Life of Margaret Paston, English Matriarch Margaret Paston (also known as  Margaret Mautby Paston) is noted for her strength and fortitude as an English wife born in the Middle Ages, who took on her husbands duties while he was away and held her family together through disastrous events. Margaret Paston was born in 1423 to a prosperous landowner in Norfolk. She was chosen by William Paston, an even more prosperous landowner and lawyer, and his wife Agnes, as a suitable wife for their son John. The young couple met for the first time in April 1440, after the match had been arranged, and they were wed sometime before December 1441. Margaret frequently managed her husbands properties when he was away and even faced armed forces who physically ejected her from the household.   Her ordinary yet extraordinary life  would be almost completely unknown to us but for the Paston Family Letters, a collection of documents that span more than 100 years in the lives of the Paston family. Margaret wrote 104 of the letters, and through these and the responses she received, we can easily gauge her standing in the family, her relationships with her in-laws, husband and children, and, of course, her state of mind. Events both catastrophic and mundane are also revealed in the letters, as is the Paston familys relationships with other families and their status in society. Although the bride and groom had not made the choice, the marriage was apparently a happy one, as the letters clearly reveal: I pray you that you will wear the ring with the image of St. Margaret that I sent you for a remembrance till you come home. You have left me such a remembrance that makes me to think upon you both day and night when I would sleep. -Letter from Margaret to John, Dec. 14, 1441 The remembrance would be born sometime before April and was only the first of seven children to live to adulthood- another sign of, at the very least, enduring sexual attraction between Margaret and John. But the bride and groom were frequently separated, as John went away on business and Margaret, quite literally, held down the fort. This was not at all unusual, and for the historian, it was somewhat fortuitous, as it afforded the couple opportunities to communicate by letters that would outlast their marriage by several centuries. The first conflict that Margaret endured took place in 1448 when she took residence in the manor of Gresham. The property had been purchased by William Paston, but Lord Moleyns laid claim to it, and while John was away in London Moleyns forces violently ejected Margaret, her men-at-arms and her household. The damage they did to the property was extensive, and John submitted a petition to the king (Henry VI) in order to get recompense, but Moleyns was too powerful and did not pay. The manor was ultimately restored in 1451. Similar events took place in the 1460s when the Duke of Suffolk raided Hellesdon and the Duke of Norfolk besieged Caister Castle. Margarets letters show her steely resolve, even as she entreats her family for assistance: I greet you well, letting you know that your brother and his fellowship stand in great jeopardy at Caister, and lack vitual . . . and the place is sore broken by the guns of the other party; so that, unless they have hasty help, they are like to lose both their lives and the place, to the greatest rebuke to you that ever came to any gentleman, for every man in this country marvels greatly that you suffer them to be so long in such great jeopardy without help or other remedy. -Letter from Margaret to her son John, Sept. 12, 1469 Margarets life was not all turmoil. She also involved herself, as was common, in the lives of her grown children. She mediated between her eldest and her husband when the two fell out: I understand . . . that you do not want your son to be taken into your house, nor helped by you . . . For Gods sake, sir, have pity on him, and remember you it hath been a long season since he had anything of you to help him with, and he hath obeyed him to you, and will do at all times, and will do what he can or may to have your good fatherhood . . . -Letter from Margaret to John, April 8, 1465 She also opened negotiations for her second son (also named John) and several prospective brides, and when her daughter entered into an engagement without Margarets knowledge, she threatened to put her out of the house. (Both children were ultimately wed in apparently stable marriages.) Margaret lost her husband in 1466, and how she may have reacted historians known little about since John had been her closest literary confidant. After 25 years of successful marriage, it is likely fair to assume her grief was deep, but Margaret had shown her mettle in dire straits and was ready to endure for her family. By the time she was sixty, Margaret began showing signs of serious illness, and in February 1482, she was persuaded to make a will. Much of its content sees to the welfare of her soul and that of her family after her death; she left money to the Church for the saying of masses for herself and her husband, as well as instructions for her burial. But she was also generous to her family and even made bequests to the servants.

Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each Essay - 1

Why might democracies be more peaceful in their relations with each other than with state that are not democracies - Essay Example A State is formed when a group of people organize themselves and decide to live together peacefully in society on the bases of common goals, identity, ancestry, language, culture, religion, ethnicity, history, customs, and territory. Society may also be defined as a broad grouping of people living in a common area and having common traditions, institutions, activities, and interests (Laswell and Kaplan 1960). The family is the basic unit of society, and a family is formed when two or more human beings decide to live together to pursue common goals. From these commonly accepted definitions can be distinguished one characteristic that defines families, societies, and states: they share common interests. Social scientists have observed that, normally, sharing common interests help people to live together peacefully, because each one is different and unique in terms of capabilities. Through personal experience, people learn that they cannot do everything, so they have to depend on each other. In the process, they realize they cannot have everything, so they surrender some of the things they want to get others they want more or that would help them survive. In society and among States, the balance of power between two or more agents is what ultimately decides their courses of action. The same holds true for nations and States, which is why until now, wars are fought and peace has been elusive. It has been only some sixty years since a bloody world war was fought, and less than two decades since the Cold War ended (Kennedy 1999). These show that more than common interests and balance of power, there is a third factor that governs the relationships among States: ideologies. An ideology is "a set of ideas that are in some logical way related to one another" (Ranney 2001, p. 69-70). Macridis (1992) suggested four criteria to distinguish ideologies from ideas: comprehensiveness, pervasiveness, extensiveness, and intensiveness. Ideologies that are well-developed contain five basic components: values, vision of the ideal polity, conception of human nature, strategy of action, and political tactics. Among the well-known ideologies (Ranney counted at least fifty-five, mostly ending in -ism), this discussion focuses on democracy, one of the most difficult to understand and define because many along the wide spectrum of political ideologies use it to support their aspirations, from left-wing Communists to right-wing Fascists, from liberals to conservatives. What is Democracy Ranney (2001, p. 95) defines democracy as a "form of government organized in accordance with the principles of popular sovereignty, political equality, popular consultation, and majority rule." This definition specifies that there are four principles of democracy (p. 96-98). The principle of popular sovereignty requires that "the ultimate power to make political decisions is vested in all the people rather than in some of them or one of them". The principle of political equality requires that "each adult citizen has the same opportunity as every other adult citizen to participate in the political decision-making process"; this is also known as the "one person, one vote" principle. The popular consultation principle has two requirements: first, there should be an institutional machinery through

Sexist language represents men and women unequally. Explain the many Essay

Sexist language represents men and women unequally. Explain the many ways in which the English language is sexist, using examples from the text - Essay Example It asserts that males and females choose their words differently only because they are their genders. Women are soft spoken and mostly formal. They care about what people say about them and so they choose their words with caution. They do not use obscene words every quite often and always aspire for decency. Men, on the other hand, are bolder in expressing themselves. Their authoritative nature dictates that they are free to say anything without accountability. Therefore, unlike women, men are more obscene (Berlin, 2003). Views of gender reveal imbalance and some aspects of bias. From this, it is evident that while males are made to exist independently, females do not. It is after the construction of the noun man that a prefix ‘wo’ is added. It is after creating the noun male that the prefix ‘fe’ is added. Insulting terms present similar inconsistencies; the most common abusive words that women use against men are dogs and bastards. A dog is the most faithful animal on earth. In fact, in most cases, it is said to be man’s best friend. It is therefore possible that the two share some traits. A bastard, on the other hand, is a human in all rights. The two abusive terms in closer look do not insult but simply refer to some aspects of being male. Men, on the other hand, occasionally use derogative words against women. Such insults as bitch, whore, and slut have been used. A bitch is a female dog and is completely unrelated to a woman. Comparing the two is thus insulting. A whore and a slut are two synonyms that imply that a woman is a prostitute. These abuses simply reduce women to their sexuality which is demeaning; women are more than that. However, the choice of insulting terms used by the two is related to the fact that women are not as abusive as men. Men are rough and authori tative in nature; they thus use abusive terms that show this. Women are weak and soft. The terms they thus use are similar. Some

Well-being of the sadhu Essay Example for Free

Well-being of the sadhu Essay 1. Who is responsible for the well-being of the sadhu? What are the duties of the people involved? What action would best serve the good of everyone? No one is really responsible for someone else’s well being, it just depends on a person’s moral thinking. Therefore, there are no duties required from all the people that were involved. If everyone believed that their purpose was to help others, then everyone is responsible for his well-being. In this story, everyone had helped in a little way. For instance, the New Zealanders carried him to where McCoy was, which was then where McCoy checked for pulse and Stephen and the Swiss clothed him. Even though everyone put in a little bit of effort to help him, I believe that if they worked together as a team with their efforts combined, greater outcomes would have resulted. If fingers had to be pointed to someone who is responsible for sadhu, it would have to be the person who found him first, which was one of the New Zealanders. 2. How are the problems here similar to problems that arise in organizations every day? What kinds of sadhus do people confront in everyday life? Organizations face issues like this everyday, where they are met with obstacles that would take them longer to make it to their ultimate goal. For instance, while working on a large project, they notice something wrong. Instead of stopping to figure out how to fix it, they just keep going just for the sake of completing the task on time. Either to put ones effort individually, or make a decision to work as a team to put everyone’s efforts in as a whole. Sadhus that people are confronted with everyday life for example is a friend who is in need of help, yet if we do help them we are pushed away further from reaching our goals. Sometimes people are too focused on reaching their goal that they do not see anything else and will not help others. In  reality, while helping others, reaching their goals are still achievable, but perhaps will take a bit longer than normal.

Social Oppression in Virginia Woolfs Mrs. Dalloway :: Mrs. Dalloway Essays

The physical and social setting in "Mrs. Dalloway" sets the mood for the novel's principal theme: the theme of social oppression. Social oppression was shown in two ways: the oppression of women as English society returned to its traditional norms and customs after the war, and the oppression of the hard realities of life, "concealing" these realities with the elegance of English society. This paper discusses the purpose of the city in mirroring the theme of social oppression, focusing on issues of gender oppression, particularly against women, and the oppression of poverty and class discrimination between London's peasants and the elite class.

The Congressional Medal of Honour

The Medal of Honour is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. It is given to a member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself â€Å"conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States†. Because of the nature of its criteria, the medal is often awarded posthumously. Members of all branches of the U. S. military are eligible to receive the medal, and each service has a unique design with the exception of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard, which both use the Navy's medal. The Medal of Honour is often presented personally to the recipient or, in the case of posthumous awards, to next of kin, by the President of the United States. Due to its high status, the medal has special protection under U. S. law. The Medal of Honour is one of two military neck order awards issued by the United States Armed Forces, but is the sole neck order awarded to its members. The other is the Commander's Degree of the Legion of Merit and is only authorized for issue to foreign dignitaries comparable to a US military chief of staff. While American service members are eligible for the Legion of Merit, they are awarded the lowest degree, â€Å"Legionnaire†, which is a standard suspended medal. The medal is frequently, albeit incorrectly, called the Congressional Medal of Honour, stemming from its award by the Department of Defence in the name of Congress. The first formal system for rewarding acts of individual gallantry by American soldiers was established by George Washington on August 7, 1782, when he created the Badge of Military Merit, designed to recognize any singularly meritorious action. This decoration is America's first combat award and the second oldest American military decoration of any type, after the Fidelity Medallion. Although the Badge of Military Merit fell into disuse after the American Revolutionary War, the concept of a military award for individual gallantry by members of the U. S. armed forces had been established. In 1847, after the outbreak of the Mexican-American War, a Certificate of Merit was established for soldiers who distinguished themselves in action. The certificate was later granted medal status as the Certificate of Merit Medal. Early in the Civil War, a medal for individual valour was proposed by Iowa Senator James W. Grimes to Winfield Scott, the Commanding General of the United States Army. Scott did not approve the proposal, but the medal did come into use in the Navy. Public Resolution 82, containing a provision for a Navy Medal of Valour, was signed into law by President Abraham Lincoln on December 21, 1861. The medal was â€Å"to be bestowed upon such petty officers, seamen, landsmen, and Marines as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry and other seamanlike qualities during the present war. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles directed the Philadelphia Mint to design the new decoration. Shortly afterward, a resolution of similar wording was introduced on behalf of the Army and was signed into law on July 12, 1862. This measure provided for awarding a Medal of Honour, as the Navy version also came to be called to such non-commissioned officers and privates as shall most distinguish themselves by their gallantry in action, and other soldier-like qualities, during the present insurrection. The Medal of Honour has evolved in appearance since its creation in 1862. The present Army medal consists of a gold star surrounded by a wreath, topped by an eagle on a bar inscribed with the word â€Å"Valour. † The medal is attached by a hook to a light blue moire. There is a version of the medal for each branch of the U. S. armed forces: the Army, Navy and Air Force. Since the U. S. Marine Corps is administratively a part of the Department of the Navy, Marines receive the Navy medal. Before 1965, when the U. S. Air Force design was adopted, members of the U. S. Army Air Corps, U. S. Army Air Forces, and Air Force received the Army version of the medal. The Coast Guard Medal of Honour, which was distinguished from the Navy medal in 1963, has never been awarded, partly because the U. S. Coast Guard is subsumed into the U. S. Navy in time of declared war. No design yet exists for it. Only one member of the Coast Guard has received a Medal of Honour, Signalman 1st Class Douglas Munro, who was awarded the Navy version for action during the Battle of Guadalcanal. In the rare cases, 19 so far, where a service member has been awarded more than one Medal of Honour, current regulations specify that an appropriate award device be cantered on the Medal of Honour ribbon and neck medal. To indicate multiple presentations of the Medal of Honour, the U. S. Army and Air Force bestow oak leaf clusters, while the Navy Medal of Honour is worn with gold award stars. A ribbon which is the same shade of light blue as the neckband, and includes five white stars, pointed upwards, in the shape of an â€Å"M† is worn for situations other than full dress uniform. When the ribbon is worn, it is placed alone above the centre of the other ribbons. For wear with civilian clothing, a rosette is issued instead of a miniature lapel pin (which usually shows the ribbon bar). The rosette is the same shade of blue as the neck ribbon and includes white stars. The ribbon and rosette are presented at the same time as the medal. On October 23, 2003 a Medal of Honour flag was to be presented to recipients of the decoration. The flag was based on a concept by retired Army Special Forces 1SG. Bill Kendall of Jefferson, Iowa, who designed a flag to honour Medal of Honour recipient Captain Darrell Lindsey. Kendall's design of a light blue field emblazoned with thirteen white five-pointed stars was nearly identical to that of Sarah LeClerc's of the Institute of Heraldry. LeClerc's design, ultimately accepted as the official flag, does not include the words â€Å"Medal of Honour† and is fringed in gold. The colour of the field and the 13 white stars, arranged in the form of a three bar chevron, consisting of two chevrons of 5 stars and one chevron of 3 stars, replicate the Medal of Honour ribbon. The flag has no set proportions. The first Medal of Honour recipient to receive the official flag was Paul R. Smith. The flag was cased and presented to his family along with his medal. A special ceremony presenting this flag to 60 Medal of Honour recipients was held onboard the USS Constitution Template:WP Ships USS instances on September 30, 2006. There are two distinct protocols for awarding the Medal of Honour. The first and most common is nomination by a service member in the chain of command, followed by approval at each level of command. The other method is nomination by a member of Congress and approval by a special act of Congress. In either case, the Medal of Honour is presented by the President on behalf of the Congress. Several months after President Abraham Lincoln signed Public Resolution 82 into law on December 21, 1861, a similar resolution for the Army was passed. Six Union soldiers who hijacked the General, a Confederate locomotive were the first recipients. Raid leader James J. Andrews, a civilian hanged as a Union spy, did not receive the medal. Many Medals of Honour awarded in the 19th century were associated with saving the flag, not just for patriotic reasons, but because the flag was a primary means of battlefield communication. During the time of the Civil War, no other military award was authorized, and to many this explains why some seemingly less notable actions were recognized by the Medal of Honour during that war. The criteria for the award tightened after World War I. In the post-World War II era, many eligible recipients might instead have been awarded a Silver Star, Navy Cross or similar award. During the Civil War, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton promised a Medal of Honour to every man in the 27th Regiment, Maine Infantry who extended his enlistment beyond the agreed upon date. Many stayed four days extra, and then were discharged. Due to confusion, Stanton awarded a Medal of Honour to all 864 men in the regiment. In 1916, a board of five Army generals convened by law to review every Army Medal of Honour awarded. The commission, led by Nelson Miles, recommended that the Army rescind 911 medals. This included the 864 medals awarded to members of the 27th Maine, 29 who served as Abraham Lincoln's funeral guard, six civilians (including Dr Mary Edwards Walker, the only woman to have been awarded the medal), Buffalo Bill Cody, and 12 others whose awards were judged frivolous. Dr. Walker's medal was restored posthumously by President Jimmy Carter in 1977. Cody's award was restored in 1989. Early in the 20th century, the Navy awarded many Medals of Honour for peacetime bravery. For instance, seven sailors aboard the USS Iowa received the medal when a boiler exploded on January 25, 1904. Aboard the USS Chicago in 1901, John Henry Helms received the medal for saving Ishi Tomizi, the ship's cook, from drowning. Even after World War I, Richard Byrd and Floyd Bennett received the medal for exploration of the North Pole. Thomas J. Ryan received it for saving a woman from the burning Grand Hotel in Yokohama, Japan following the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake. Between 1919 and 1942, the Navy issued two separate versions of the Medal of Honour, one for non-combat bravery and the other for combat-related acts. Official accounts vary, but generally the non-combat Medal of Honour was known as the Tiffany Cross, after the company that manufactured the medal. The Tiffany Cross was first issued in 1919 but was rare and unpopular, partly because it was presented both for combat and non-combat events. As a result, in 1942, the United States Navy reverted to a single Medal of Honour, awarded only for heroism. Since the beginning of World War II, the medal has been awarded for extreme bravery beyond the call of duty while engaged in action against an enemy. Arising from these criteria, approximately 60% of the medals earned during and after World War II have been awarded posthumously. Capt. William McGonagle is an exception to the enemy action rule, earning his medal during the USS Liberty incident. A 1993 study commissioned by the Army described systematic racial and religious discrimination in the criteria for awarding medals during World War II. At the time, no Medals of Honour had been awarded to black soldiers who served in World War II. After an exhaustive review of files, the study recommended that several black Distinguished Service Cross recipients be upgraded to the Medal of Honour. On January 13, 1997, President Bill Clinton awarded the medal to seven African American World War II veterans. Of these, only Vernon Baker was still alive. A similar study of Asian Americans in 1998 resulted in President Bill Clinton awarding 21 new Medals of Honour in 2000, including 20 to Japanese American members of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, among them Senator Daniel Inouye. In 2005, President George W. Bush awarded the Medal of Honour to Jewish veteran and Holocaust survivor Tibor Rubin, whom many believed to have been overlooked because of his religion. This medal’s history stretches back into our bloody war history, it has seen its own trials and tribulations and like America is has grown and melded itself into the prestigious award that it is today. I believe the medal has been properly issued to service members and at the same time given away freely, but that does not take away from the honour and respect each recipient deserves. These recipients are text book example of perfect military stature and then some. All of them go above and beyond anyone’s expectations that even they themselves had. The most surprising thing is that all of them did these marvellous and mind blowing deeds of service at such a young military age, the same and even younger age of my own. It not only blows my mind at how they accomplish or even began to go through with what they did but they did it without an order or a self doubt, to me they got in the perfect mindset of selfless service and their one goal was to help other and complete the mission. My first pick of recipients is Private First Class Willy F. James, U. S. Army, Company G, 413th Infantry near Lippoldsberg, Germany, 7 April 1945. Private First Class Willy F. James, Jr. distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism at the risk of his own life on 7 April 1945 in the Weser River Valley, in the vicinity of Lippoldsberg, Germany. On 7 April 1945, Company G, 413th Infantry, fought its way across the Weser River in order to establish a crucial bridgehead. The company then launched a fierce attack against the town of Lippoldsberg, possession of which was vital to securing and expanding the important bridgehead. Private First Class James was first scout of the lead squad in the assault platoon. The mission of the unit was to seize and secure a group of houses on the edge of town, a foothold from which the unit could launch an attack on the rest of the town. Far out in the front, Private First Class James was the first to draw enemy fire. His platoon leader came forward to investigate, but poor visibility made it difficult for Private First Class James to point out enemy positions with any accuracy. Private First Class James volunteered to go forward to fully reconnoiter the enemy situation. Furious crossfire from enemy snipers and machine guns finally pinned down Private First Class James after he had made his way forward approximately 200 yards across open terrain. Lying in an exposed position for more than an hour, Private First Class James intrepidly observed the enemy’s positions, which were given away by the fire he was daringly drawing upon himself. Then, with utter indifference to his personal safety, in a storm of enemy small arms fire, Private First Class James made his way back more than 300 yards across open terrain under enemy observation to his platoon positions, and gave a full detailed report on the enemy disposition. The unit worked out a new plan of maneuver based on Private First Class James’s information. The gallant soldier volunteered to lead a squad in an assault on the key house in the group that formed the platoon objective. He made his way forward, leading his squad in an assault on the strongly-held enemy positions in the building and designating targets accurately and continuously as he moved along. While doing so, Private First Class James saw his platoon leader shot down by enemy snipers. Hastily designating and coolly orienting a leader in his place, Private First Class James instantly went to the aid of his platoon leader, exposing himself recklessly to the incessant enemy fire. As he was making his way across open ground, Private First Class James was killed by a burst from an enemy machine gun. Private First Class James’s extraordinarily heroic action in the face of withering enemy fire provided the disposition of enemy troops to his platoon. Inspired to the utmost by Private First Class James’s self sacrifice, the platoon sustained the momentum of the assault and successfully accomplished its mission with a minimum of casualties. Private First Class James contributed very definitely to the success of his battalion in the vitally important combat operation of establishing and expanding a bridgehead over the Weser River. His fearless, self-assigned actions far above and beyond the normal call of duty exemplify the finest traditions of the American combat soldier and reflect the highest credit upon Private First Class James and the Armed Forces of the United States. Private First Class James is a prime example of what a man should be. He ran through enemy fire, and then while in the midst of the fire still had the discipline and the bravery to observe fire positions and any other useful information that he could see from his position. On top of that he still was able to fall back to his platoon 300 meters behind him.

Sloan School of Management

I am really pleased to have some discussion about my interest to apply for Sloan MBA program. I am determined to take admission in an MBA program in a reputable school and Sloan School of Management is one of my top priorities. The reason that I’ve chosen your school is that MIT Sloan is most popular and reliable in administrating and imparting education to business professionals. It has been able to launch change in our current business environment.Its reputation is much known among professionals and still its well educated and learned faculty is still contributing to this culture. I am much acquainted with the culture you promote and also easy and compassionate essay questions you ask. By taking MBA program at Sloan School of Management I hope that I will learn a lot about business dealings and can perform much better in the construction business.Our company is a recognized name in construction industry of China. We have been engaged in steel structural design, manufacture, and installation for more than ten years. Amazingly, our sales have grown tenfold in the last two years.Though it appeared that we were flourishing but there were uncontrollable crisis through which we were passing. For several months we worked under great pressure and none had time to consider company’s long-term goals.As I’ve spent uncountable hours in allocating assignments, monitoring status, solving problems, and handling nonstop incidents. My experience shows that we need a change in company’s environment.We have to change current project-based model to a mass production and commercialize our products. In order to enhance my career as a ‘project manager’ and my working knowledge in this business I am very keen to take this program. During my management career I’ve successfully dealt with several complex situations and led a team to complete most difficult and time consuming projects in rural China.I have also shown outstanding quantitat ive analysis skills and innovated new and extremely useful operational modes in the company. I want to excel my skills and compete in this business as a successful businessman.My capabilities show that I am a proven leader not just an entrepreneur. In order to put my vision into practice I must continue my studies and complete my MBA from Sloan institute of Management. I hope Sloan will play important role in transition of my career success.My visions are clear and I am determined to pursue my career in this field. After graduating from Sloan, I will return to my family business to take charge of overseas market expansion, and form a total solutions transnational steel-structure on partnership basis. I have planned to combine our unparalleled design originality with competitive cost advantage to broaden our business scope by promoting customized Composite Steel Structural Villa.Besides, I have also planned to establish Green House Business Group and Material Innovation Team for bett er environmental protection. Furthermore, my plan also includes developing multilateral investment strategies and conducting upstream industrial integration. Finally, I aim to capture venture capital for carrying out IPO in 2015. My ultimate objective is to lead my business as a driving force in the world’s economy with a clear mission and improve living standards.

Anglo Saxons Essay essays

Anglo Saxons Essay essays William Butler Yeats stated that, Supreme are is a traditional statement of certain heroic and religious truths, passed on from age to age.... When he said this, he is most definitely talking about the Anglo-Saxon era and their style of writing. The Anglo-Saxons were very into warriors and heroes and how heir stories are handed down from generation to generation. When these stories were written down, monks wrote them down. The monks then added parts about God and the heavens, and about all the religious facts they could. Thus mixing the warrior and heroic mentality with the religious faith of the Christians. This aspect of the heroic and religious truths is no more evident than in the story of Beowulf. In Beowulf, we can clearly see the mix of ideas. Beowulf is this huge hero who is not afraid of anything at all. He knows that he can win, and he knows that no matter what he will win. When he steps up to battle with Grendel, he fights with no armor at all. He does not even use a weapon. He kills this huge monster that destroyed all of Herot, with his bare hands. He had so much faith in the strength that God gave him, and he didnt even believe he needed any help. That idea worked until he had to fight the huge dragon. When Beowulf fights the dragon, he is killed. He does slay the dragon, but in doing so he gives up his own life, which shows that he is mortal and God could take him from this life. Another example of the mix of heroic and religious truths is in the poem The Seafarer. The main character, or the speaker, is talking about his life at sea and all of the aspects of it. He talks, Of smashing surf when I sweated in the cold. Of an anxious watch, perched in the bow. As it dashed under cliffs. We can see that the life at sea is not a very easy one. Nor is it very safe at all. There is the heroic part of it. The religious part of this piece is at the end, and it is very hard...

The Bastille, and its Role in the French Revolution

The Bastille, and its Role in the French Revolution The Bastille is one of the most famous fortifications in European history, almost entirely because of the central role it plays in the mythology of the French Revolution. Form and Prison A stone fortress based around eight circular towers with five foot thick walls, the Bastille was smaller than later paintings have made it look, but it was still a monolithic and imposing structure that reached to seventy-three feet in height. It was built in the fourteenth century to defend Paris against the English and started to be used as a prison in the reign of Charles VI. This was still its most (in)famous function by the era of Louis XVI, and the Bastille had seen a lot of prisoners across the years. Most people had been imprisoned on the orders of the king with any trial or defense and were either nobles who had acted against the interests of the court, Catholic dissidents, or writers who were deemed seditious and corrupting. There was also a notable number of people whose families had deemed them stray and appealed to the king to have locked up for their (family’s) sake. By the time of Louis XVI conditions in the Bastille were better than popularly portrayed. The dungeon cells, whose damp hastened illness, were no longer in use, and most prisoners were housed in the middle layers of the building, in cells sixteen feet across with rudimentary furniture, often with a window. Most prisoners were allowed to bring their own possessions, with the most famous example being the Marquis de Sade who bought a vast quantity of fixtures and fittings, as well as an entire library. Dogs and cats were also permitted, to eat any rats. The governor of the Bastille was given a fixed amount for each rank of prisoner each day, with the lowest being three livres a day for the poor (a figure still better than some Frenchmen lived on), and over five times that for high ranking prisoners. Drinking and smoking were also allowed, as were cards if you shared a cell. A Symbol of Despotism Given that people could end up in the Bastille without any trial, it’s easy to see how the fortress developed its reputation: a symbol of despotism, of the oppression of liberty, of censorship, or royal tyranny and torture. This was certainly the tone taken by writers before and during the revolution, who used the very certain presence of the Bastille as a physical embodiment of what they believed was wrong with the government. Writers, many of whom had been released from the Bastille, described it as a place of torture, of living burial, of body draining, mind-sapping hell. The Reality of Louis XVI’s Bastille This image of the Bastille during the reign of Louis XVI is now largely believed to have been an exaggeration, with a smaller number of prisoners treated better than the general public had been led to expect. While there was undoubtedly a major psychological impact to being kept in cells so thick you couldn’t hear other prisoners – best expressed in Linguet’s Memoirs of the Bastille – things had improved considerably, and some writers were able to view their imprisonment as career building rather than life ending. The Bastille had become a relic of a previous age; indeed, documents from the royal court shortly before the revolution reveal plans had already been developed to knock the Bastille down and replace it with public works, including a monument to Louis XVI and freedom. The Fall of the Bastille On July 14th, 1789, days into the French Revolution, a massive crowd of Parisians had just received arms and cannon from the Invalides. This uprising believed forces loyal to the crown would soon attack to try and coerce both Paris and the revolutionary National Assembly, and were seeking weapons to defend themselves. However, arms needed gunpowder, and much of that had been moved to the Bastille by the crown for safety. A crowd thus gathered around the fortress, fortified by both the urgent need for powder, but by hatred for almost everything they believed was wrong in France. The Bastille was unable to mount a long-term defense as, while it had a forbidding number of guns, it had few troops and only two days worth of supplies. The crowd sent representatives into the Bastille to order the guns and powder be handed over, and while the governor – de Launay – declined, he did remove the weapons from the ramparts. But when the representatives left, a surge from the crowd, an accident involving the drawbridge, and the panicked actions of the crowd and soldiers led to a skirmish. When several rebel soldiers arrived with cannon, de Launay decided it was best to seek some sort of compromise for his men and their honor, although he did consider detonating the powder and most of the surrounding area with it. The defenses were lowered and the crowd rushed in. Inside the crowd found just seven prisoners, including four forgers, two insane, and one stray aristocrat. This fact was not allowed to ruin the symbolic act of seizing such a major symbol of once all-powerful monarchy. However, as a number of the crowd had been killed in the fighting – later identified as eighty-three instantly, and fifteen later on from injuries – compared to just one of the garrison, the crowd’s anger demanded a sacrifice, and de Launay was picked. He was marched through Paris and then murdered, his head being displayed on a pike. Violence had bought the second major success of the revolution; this apparent justification would bring many more changes over the next few years. Aftermath The fall of the Bastille left the population of Paris with the gunpowder for their recently seized weapons, giving the revolutionary city the means to defend itself. Just as the Bastille had been a symbol of royal tyranny before it fell, so after it was swiftly transformed by publicity and opportunism into a symbol of freedom. Indeed the Bastille â€Å"was much more important in its â€Å"afterlife† than it ever had been as a working institution of the state. It gave shape and an image to all the vices against which the Revolution defined itself.† (Schama, Citizens, p. 408) The two insane prisoners were soon sent to an asylum, and by November a fevered effort had demolished most of the Bastille’s structure. The King, although encouraged by his confidants to leave for a border area and hopefully more loyal troops, conceded and pulled his forces away from Paris and began to accept the revolution. Bastille Day is still celebrated in France each year.

The works of Archimedes Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The works of Archimedes - Term Paper Example Codex C, of Byzantine origin in the tenth century, retains the only existing copies of On the Method of Mechanical Theorems, On the Measurement of the Circle, On the Sphere and Cylinder, On Spiral Lines, On the Equilibrium of Planes and his most famous work On Floating Bodies. However, the authors of "Infinite Possibilities: Ten Years of Study of the Archimedes Palimpsest" believe that On the Method of Mechanical Theorems â€Å"†¦is arguably the most significant, as it outlines Archimedes' thinking process for proving mathematical conjectures based upon mechanical analogies† (Easton and Noel 55). On Floating Bodies is the first known work on the science of hydrostatics and Archimedes is generally accepted as the father of that discipline. His bathtub Aha! moment became forever known as Archimedes’ Principle, which is generally stated as, "A body immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced" (Luhr 73). This principle also st ates that there is another force that takes place on the surface of liquids that acts on the floating body and is called buoyancy. â€Å"†¦there is a buoyancy force on a floating object equal to the weight of the displaced liquid" (Potter and Wiggert 26). ... When Archimedes realized that his own body displaced the water in his bath the same way that crown would if immersed, â€Å"He thus was able to measure the volume of the crown, calculate its density, and thereby prove that it was not pure gold—to the misfortune of the dishonest goldsmith† (Marshall Cavendish 385). Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance. Several instruments and methods have been developed from Archimedes original ideas here. This includes measuring the density of the liquid itself. A graduated hydrometer is one such instrument. This is usually made out of a long glass tube that has a scale inside it and a weighted bulb on the end. The liquid to be tested is put into a tall graduated cylinder and the hydrometer is lowered in until it floats freely, and the density, or specific gravity, of the fluid can be seen in the scale. These devises have many applications from testing battery acid, to the level of cream in a container of milk (Marshall Ca vendish). Another is the Mohr-Westphal balance which can measure the weight of a solid object both in air and as well as in a liquid. â€Å"In a typical measurement, the apparent weight of the sinker in air, in water, and in the liquid of interest is measured. The ratio of the apparent change of weight in the—liquid to that in water, when multiplied by the density of water, is the density of the liquid† (Marshall Cavendish 386). A third is the pycnometer, which consists of a vessel that holds a precise amount of a volume of liquid. The volume that It hold is determined by filling it with a liquid of known density, it is then emptied and a solid is placed inside and the weight of the combination is measured. â€Å"From the weight of the liquid that is added, the volume not occupied by the solid